Based on detailed land cover map created by LandKlif project, we calculated the edge density of landuse patches (the sum of the lengths in meter of all edge segments of LUclass in the buffer, divided by the total buffer area in square meter, multiplied by 10,000 to convert to hectares) for 100 - 6000 meters (100-1000 meters with 100 meter interval, 1000 - 5000 meter with 500 meter interval) buffer area around landklif plots